What defines a data breach in health information?

A data breach in health information is defined as an incident where unauthorized individuals gain access to sensitive information. This definition encompasses any event in which protected health information (PHI) is accessed without permission, posing a risk to patient privacy and security. Such unauthorized access can occur through hacking, physical theft, or any other means that circumvent security protocols.

In the context of health information management, establishing robust safeguards and responding effectively to breaches is critical to maintaining the trust and confidentiality of patient data. The implications of a data breach can include legal repercussions, financial penalties, and harm to a healthcare organization's reputation.

The other options describe scenarios that do not align with the definition of a data breach. For instance, securely accessing sensitive patient information or encrypting patient data represents protective measures rather than breaches. A system update involves routine maintenance or enhancement to databases but does not inherently involve unauthorized access or exposure of sensitive information.